Illegal Immigration Crime Terrorism Discrimination Europe Biometrics
Foreigners/illegal immigrants entering the U.K. without biometric passports   Problems for British citizens entering the U.K. using a biometric passport   Identifying illegal immigrants using routine identity checks   Identifying illegal immigrants using random checks – stop, search, & scan   Identity checks to disclose illegal/cash-in-hand workers   Abuse of the NHS and benefits system
Foreigners and illegal immigrants entering the U.K. without biometric passports        
The fact that you as a UK citizen carry a biometric passport and ID card won’t stop an illegal immigrant entering the country because he/she will not be expected to have either of these (since they are not British).
The only effective way to stop illegal immigrants entering the country in the first place is to have tighter border controls. However, this is in conflict with the EU initiative to have more open borders and remove travel restrictions. As the British adopt the pan-european identity document (biometric passport), then there is a stronger argument to completely open our borders – and hence allow in more illegal immigrants.

America does not believe an American identity card will help prevent illegal immigration, in contrast to Europe it chose instead to strengthen its borders.

problems for british citizens entering the U.K. using a biometric passport                           

Biometric passports have a 10% failure rate. This means you have a 1 in 10 risk of being mistaken for an illegal immigrant (or potential terrorist) when you attempt to re-enter the UK. When your biometric passport fails, people with small children will be subject to extra scutiny (because of the risk of child abduction/smuggling) and members of the ethnic community.
You will be held by Immigration Control until your identity can be confirmed using conventional methods (i.e. non-biometric).
People with the standard British passport (issued before October 2005) will not have this problem.

If the facial biometric is only used to confirm that the picture in the passport matches the biometric pattern stored on the microchip, then the risk of failure is reduced. However, if attempts are made to compare this to a ‘live’ facial biometric, i.e. by facial recognition a camera, then the risk of failure increases. In practice, when you pass through passport control in the UK today, there is no comparison made to the facial biometric you have provided, so 'biometric security' is not being used.

The limitations of iris-scanning technology can be seen at Heathrow airport where it takes 6 to 10 times longer for a person to pass through the iris scanning booths than a person using a conventional passport at immigration.

The government plans to include finger-prints and eye-scans on the biometric passport. This increases the complexity of the identification procedure and raises the failure rate of the biometric passport.

identifying illegal immigrants using routine identity checks                                                  There are a number of methods to identify illegal immigrants using the identity card system (assuming the whole population has a card). Those in the front-line will be police officers, doctors, nurses, and social security staff.


identifying illegal immigrants using random checks - stop, search, and scan                        The ID card scheme will allow police to stop people in the street. This will mainly fall on the ethnic community and foreigners. For the system to work they must be able to scan the suspect and check their ID card against the Identity Register, otherwise the person could be using a fake ID card. 

Techniques similar to those used in France such as setting up road-side checks will be employed in the UK. We are familiar with police road blocks to check road tax, under the ID card scheme this will include an ID check. The trials being used by traffic police are a pre-cursor to this (see above).

With 89 million foreigners visiting the UK each year, there is the problem that during a ‘stop-search-and-scan’ the suspect could show a foreign passport and claim to be a tourist. To overcome this, the police will have to focus their operations away from tourist areas and concentrate on towns with high ethnic populations. Alternatively, they can also rely on ‘intelligence’ from members of the public, such as people that inform on fellow employees or neighbours (you may remember the same technique was used when the Poll Tax was introduced).

identity checks to expose illegal/cash-in-hand workers                                                        Under the ID card scheme:
In theory, this should stop illegal immigrants from working. However, there is a major flaw in this idea.

A large proportion of illegal workers are employed in ‘cash-in-hand’ work where they do not need national insurance numbers, bank accounts, etc. So the only way to prevent illegal working is to stop ‘cash-in-hand’ work. Despite Blair/Brown's dream of a  'cashless society', it is impractical to remove cash completely from our daily lives. Hence, identity cards will need to be produced when cash-in-hand work is performed (e.g. plumbers, plasterers, car-mechanics). This has the added advantage that when reported by the purchaser there would be a record of the transaction on the audit log, and cash-in-hand workers could be accurately taxed.

The Commission on Racial Equality* states there is no evidence that identity cards solve the problems associated with the employment of illegal workers.

abuse of the NHS and benefits system                                                                               Media concern in 2005 relating to illegal workers and benefit cheats tended to focus on people coming from eastern Europe. As ID Card and You pointed out at the time, the introduction of eastern European countries to the EU would provide freedom of travel - this resulted in a reported 5-600,000 immigrants legally arriving between 2004-06.

As a result of the stress this places on the NHS, benefits, and housing market, the government began considering introducing quotas for immigrants from new EU states.

References:

*Home Office, ‘Identity Cards Bill Race Equality Impact Assessment', November 2004.
** Home Office, ‘Legislation on Identity Cards – A Consultation’, April 2004.
***Home Office, ‘A Summary of Findings from the Consultation on Legislation on Identity Cards’, October 2004
†Home Office, Control of Immigration: Statistics United Kingdom. 2002.